BiOWiSH® Bacillus are applied to the soil as dormant endospores, which cannot move on their own. They remain in this condition until they’re exposed to sufficient levels of nutrients, soil moisture, and needed soil temperature to germinate. However, whether they’re still dormant endospores or have germinated into vegetative cells, there are many different mechanisms by which bacteria are known to move through the soil, even under harsh conditions. When water levels are sufficient, bacterial cells may spread passively through processes such as leaching or evapotranspiration. When water is scarce, processes such paramagnetism may transport Bacillus through the charged surfaces of the soil particles. In addition, Bacillus can be shuttled in the bodies of earthworms and other soil fauna. Vegetative bacterial cells may also spread actively in response to nutrient and root exudate gradients, through biofilm formation, or transportation within fungal hyphae networks.
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Soil environments may vary widely in their physical and chemical properties such as pH, water content, oxygen content, and temperature. Some of the processes described above, such as evapotranspiration and invertebrate transport, are known to occur naturally anyplace that plants are grown, and so would be in play across a wide range of field-relevant chemical gradients (such as pH, salinity, and oxygen). Laboratory data have shown that BiOWiSH® Bacillus are stable across a wide range of pH, salinity, and oxygen gradients, making them perfect candidates for transport by these universal processes.
A review of field efficacy data across a variety of geographies and fertilizer application practices can help assess whether the mechanisms cited above, among others, consistently result in the successful uptake of BiOWiSH® Bacillus through the roots of the host plant. Independent 3rd party replicated data from trials in which BiOWiSH® coated fertilizer was applied to the soil through incorporation at planting versus surface applied after planting (i.e., topdress) shows no statistically significant difference in product performance, confirming the mechanisms of bacterial dispersion most relevant to BiOWiSH customers remain consistent across application practices.
The functional diversity of the soil microbiome, or the diversity of plant growth promoting genes within the microbial population, plays a major role in driving agricultural success. The functional diversity of a grower’s soil can be impacted by shifting the soil microbiome towards plant-growth-promoting bacteria, or PGPB. Many microbial products attempt to inoculate the grower’s soil with selected PGPB, thereby augmenting the soil’s functional diversity profile. However, the selected PGPB may not be able to thrive in all soil types, growing environments, or plant hosts. Even if soil conditions are favorable, a single gram of soil may contain billions of native microbes, and competitive interactions between the resident soil microbes and the inoculated PGPB may limit their ability to colonize and deliver their modes of action within the soil. These factors can lead to inconsistent or nonexistent performance among microbial soil inoculations.
BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology is not a soil inoculation approach. Our technology is based on the hologenome concept, which considers a host organism (such as a plant) and its microbiome to be a single unit, called a holobiont, which expresses traits based on its hologenome, or the combined genetic profile of host and microbiome together. When BiOWiSH® endophytes enter the roots of their host plants and deliver their load of soil nutrients, it triggers a cascade of effects. The process of root exudation , also known as rhizodeposition, drives the cyclical nature of the rhizophagy cycle while also enhancing beneficial microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The collection of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere are sometimes likened to a “garden” tended by the plant through rhizodeposition, and many of these express natural functions that further benefit the plant and the physical soil environment. We thus refer to the HoloGene 3™ technology as a “hologenomic catalyst”.
The benefits of BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology do not stop with the soil microbiome. One result of the technology’s application is optimized yield potential by improved nutrient uptake, a challenge which has traditionally been met in part through the use of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers, or EEFs. Familiar EEF categories such as micronutrient coatings, delayed release technologies, and chemical loss mitigations help support plant nutrient uptake by providing selected nutrients (micronutrient coatings) or by minimizing the impact of loss pathways on fertilizer nutrients (delayed release and chemical mitigations). The end result is a supply of plant-available nutrients in the soil. One limitation of these approaches is that their efficacy is limited to a single mode of action, a single nutrient, or both. Additionally, these approaches do not get plant-available nutrients into the plant where they belong. BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology supports plant processes involved in the uptake of multiple nutrients through multiple soil and microbiome-based modes of action, and helps reduce the impact of nutrient loss pathways by increasing nutrient use efficiency and supporting nutrient uptake. This creates a new class of EEFs that provides a comprehensive counterpart to the traditional technologies familiar in the market today.
BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology is a unique fertilizer coating technology which leverages the power of the hologenome concept to support the expression of naturally evolved plant traits which improves soil conditions for increased plant vigor, supports the functional diversity of the soil microbiome, and the physicochemical environment of the soil. This triangle between plant, soil, and microbiome is present in all growing plants, but is optimized by the addition of BiOWiSH® Crop products. The result is a microbial solution which merges the benefits of a microbial soil inoculation and an enhanced efficiency fertilizer.
Phosphorous availability is dependent on soil physical properties (organic matter, clay content, moisture, aeration, etc.) and chemical properties (pH, texture, etc.). The total soil phosphorous exists in two forms: organic and inorganic. Organic phosphorus is the product of the decomposition of plants, animals, and microbes; while it is not available to the plants, it will be digested by soil microbes converting a portion of the phosphorus to plant available in the form of orthophosphate. The inorganic phosphorous can be in two forms, one in soil solution, which is available to the plant and often represents a small proportion of the soil phosphorous. In addition, we can find the inorganic phosphorous as insoluble or bound phosphorus (Pi), such as calcium phosphate in alkaline soils and aluminum and iron phosphates in acidic soils. The chemical conversion of Pi or bound P to soluble, plant-available P in the soil is generally considered pH dependent, driven by the production of low molecular weight organic acids by plants and beneficial soil microbes. Depending on the soil pH, orthophosphate ions (H2PO4–, HPO42-) are the forms of phosphorus most accessible to plants. In acidic soils with high levels of metal ions like Al3+ and Fe3+, phosphate is bound-up in the form of the corresponding insoluble metal phosphates, e.g., AlPO4 and FePO4. In these situations, displacement of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from Fe and Al ions occurs through “ligand exchange”, meaning the organic acids compete with Pi for Al and Fe binding sites, driving the release of plant-available phosphorous into the soil. The BiOWiSH® Crop products support this system in two ways.
First, BiOWiSH® Bacillus beneficial microbes associate with the roots of their host plant, augmenting the plant’s hologenome and supporting the expression of natural plant processes. Through these processes, the plant recruits beneficial soil native microbes from the root’s surrounding soil, including those which drive the release of plant-available phosphate from the soil. Second, BiOWiSH® Crop products optimize soil conditions for greater root mass and stimulates the release of root exudates, which include organic acids that help shift the equilibrium of bound phosphate towards more soluble phosphate.
Therefore, the addition of BiOWiSH® Crop products improves phosphorus mobilization and availability by promoting the growth of soil microbes capable of chemically reducing metal phosphates, enhancing the uptake of the released phosphate by plants and shifting the equilibrium between bound and soluble phosphate toward more soluble phosphate where the optimized soil conditions have contributed to greater root mass, allowing for additional nutrients to be captured.
BiOWiSH® Bacillus are applied to the soil as dormant endospores, which cannot move on their own. They remain in this condition until they’re exposed to sufficient levels of nutrients, soil moisture, and needed soil temperature to germinate. However, whether they’re still dormant endospores or have germinated into vegetative cells, there are many different mechanisms by which bacteria are known to move through the soil, even under harsh conditions. When water levels are sufficient, bacterial cells may spread passively through processes such as leaching or evapotranspiration. When water is scarce, processes such paramagnetism may transport Bacillus through the charged surfaces of the soil particles. In addition, Bacillus can be shuttled in the bodies of earthworms and other soil fauna. Vegetative bacterial cells may also spread actively in response to nutrient and root exudate gradients, through biofilm formation, or transportation within fungal hyphae networks.
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Soil environments may vary widely in their physical and chemical properties such as pH, water content, oxygen content, and temperature. Some of the processes described above, such as evapotranspiration and invertebrate transport, are known to occur naturally anyplace that plants are grown, and so would be in play across a wide range of field-relevant chemical gradients (such as pH, salinity, and oxygen). Laboratory data have shown that BiOWiSH® Bacillus are stable across a wide range of pH, salinity, and oxygen gradients, making them perfect candidates for transport by these universal processes.
A review of field efficacy data across a variety of geographies and fertilizer application practices can help assess whether the mechanisms cited above, among others, consistently result in the successful uptake of BiOWiSH® Bacillus through the roots of the host plant. Independent 3rd party replicated data from trials in which BiOWiSH® coated fertilizer was applied to the soil through incorporation at planting versus surface applied after planting (i.e., topdress) shows no statistically significant difference in product performance, confirming the mechanisms of bacterial dispersion most relevant to BiOWiSH customers remain consistent across application practices.
The functional diversity of the soil microbiome, or the diversity of plant growth promoting genes within the microbial population, plays a major role in driving agricultural success. The functional diversity of a grower’s soil can be impacted by shifting the soil microbiome towards plant-growth-promoting bacteria, or PGPB. Many microbial products attempt to inoculate the grower’s soil with selected PGPB, thereby augmenting the soil’s functional diversity profile. However, the selected PGPB may not be able to thrive in all soil types, growing environments, or plant hosts. Even if soil conditions are favorable, a single gram of soil may contain billions of native microbes, and competitive interactions between the resident soil microbes and the inoculated PGPB may limit their ability to colonize and deliver their modes of action within the soil. These factors can lead to inconsistent or nonexistent performance among microbial soil inoculations.
BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology is not a soil inoculation approach. Our technology is based on the hologenome concept, which considers a host organism (such as a plant) and its microbiome to be a single unit, called a holobiont, which expresses traits based on its hologenome, or the combined genetic profile of host and microbiome together. When BiOWiSH® endophytes enter the roots of their host plants and deliver their load of soil nutrients, it triggers a cascade of effects. The process of root exudation , also known as rhizodeposition, drives the cyclical nature of the rhizophagy cycle while also enhancing beneficial microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The collection of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere are sometimes likened to a “garden” tended by the plant through rhizodeposition, and many of these express natural functions that further benefit the plant and the physical soil environment. We thus refer to the HoloGene 3™ technology as a “hologenomic catalyst”.
The benefits of BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology do not stop with the soil microbiome. One result of the technology’s application is optimized yield potential by improved nutrient uptake, a challenge which has traditionally been met in part through the use of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers, or EEFs. Familiar EEF categories such as micronutrient coatings, delayed release technologies, and chemical loss mitigations help support plant nutrient uptake by providing selected nutrients (micronutrient coatings) or by minimizing the impact of loss pathways on fertilizer nutrients (delayed release and chemical mitigations). The end result is a supply of plant-available nutrients in the soil. One limitation of these approaches is that their efficacy is limited to a single mode of action, a single nutrient, or both. Additionally, these approaches do not get plant-available nutrients into the plant where they belong. BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology supports plant processes involved in the uptake of multiple nutrients through multiple soil and microbiome-based modes of action, and helps reduce the impact of nutrient loss pathways by increasing nutrient use efficiency and supporting nutrient uptake. This creates a new class of EEFs that provides a comprehensive counterpart to the traditional technologies familiar in the market today.
BiOWiSH HoloGene 3™ technology is a unique fertilizer coating technology which leverages the power of the hologenome concept to support the expression of naturally evolved plant traits which improves soil conditions for increased plant vigor, supports the functional diversity of the soil microbiome, and the physicochemical environment of the soil. This triangle between plant, soil, and microbiome is present in all growing plants, but is optimized by the addition of BiOWiSH® Crop products. The result is a microbial solution which merges the benefits of a microbial soil inoculation and an enhanced efficiency fertilizer.
The Bacillus in BiOWiSH® agronomy products exist in endospore form and are stable for up to 2 years when stored as directed. These endospores are dormant until conditions are right for germination, or “waking up.” Optimum conditions for germination include adequate moisture levels and the presence of nutrient germinants, such as sugars and amino acids. These germinants can be found in abundance in the plant’s root zone in the form of root exudates. Once BiOWiSH® Bacillus are applied to the soil and migrate to the root zone (see FAQ), where they germinate and associate with the roots of their host plant. Because of this strong host association, BiOWiSH® microbes are not expected to persist in the soil after the plant is harvested and its tissues are removed from the soil environment. The role of BiOWiSH® bacteria is to stimulate the plant-soil-microbiome triangle, which includes support of natural plant processes for cultivating native, beneficial microbes in the root zone. These native beneficial microbes would be expected to be present throughout the crop cycle and beyond.
First, make sure the lid is securely closed after use to maintain a long shelf life. BiOWiSH® Crop Liquid has a 2-year shelf life when stored as directed.
Storage directions: Cover and store in a cool, dry location out of direct sunlight. Once opened, keep in an airtight container to maintain the integrity of the product. Prevent spillage and separate from strong oxidizers.
We ask that you keep in an airtight container to prevent the risk of contamination. While our formulation accounts for reasonable levels of contaminants, no biological or chemical products are immune to contamination when the products are not stored in airtight containers. BiOWiSH provides a second line of defense to contamination with a mechanical approach. This approach limits the number of times the container is opened, helping products reach their full shelf life. Please contact your local BiOWiSH representative to learn more.
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