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Dengue fever is a viral illness caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Dengue fever can affect people of all ages, and the severity of the illness can range from mild to severe.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever:
The symptoms of dengue fever typically appear within 3 to 14 days after a person has been bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of dengue fever include:
High fever
Headache
Muscle and joint pain
Skin rash
Nausea and vomiting
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Mild bleeding from the nose or gums
In some cases, dengue fever can progress to a more severe form of the disease, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Symptoms of DHF include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, fatigue, restlessness, and bleeding from the nose or gums. DHF can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Diagnosis of Dengue Fever:
Diagnosing dengue fever can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other illnesses such as the flu. Blood tests can be used to detect the dengue virus, and a doctor may also perform other tests to check for signs of organ damage or other complications.
There are three different types of tests used to diagnose dengue: Dengue NS1, Dengue IgM, and Dengue IgG. Each test detects different markers of the virus and provides different information about the stage of the infection.
The Dengue NS1 test detects a protein that is produced by the dengue virus in the early stages of the infection. This test is most accurate when performed within the first five days of symptoms.
The Dengue IgM test detects antibodies that are produced by the immune system in response to the dengue virus. These antibodies are typically present in the blood between five and seven days after the onset of symptoms and can remain detectable for up to three months.
The Dengue IgG test also detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the dengue virus. These antibodies are typically present in the blood after the first week of symptoms and can remain detectable for the rest of the patient's life.
Treatment of Dengue Fever
There is currently no specific treatment for dengue fever, and most people recover within a week or two with rest and fluids. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen can help relieve fever and pain, but aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
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